Last week I did a program for some genealogists and local historians here in Fredericksburg. The president of the group told me he was concerned about historical facts laying dormant in notebooks. He said everybody worked so hard to find their information and piece together how their information is connected to the grand sweep of history. “But after they dig it up, it just sits there, and it’s all so deadly dull!” He wanted me, in an hour and a half, to give them the formula for writing riveting history.
I’m no historian. But I used to be a librarian. I’m a storyteller. And a writer. And I know that history is as much Art as it is Scholarship. So here’s the pep talk I gave them:
In order for your findings to make sense, they have to have a context. In fiction, that’s the setting. In order for your facts to have meaning, they have to effect some change in the status quo. In fiction, that’s plot. In order for your facts to be remembered, they have to touch hearts and imaginations. In fiction, that’s where characters come in.
“But this isn’t fiction,” they protested. “This is history. Bits and pieces of history. Riddled with gaping holes.”
I figured it was time to quit lecturing and start storytelling. I told a true story based on my mother’s memories of being in high school in the early 1940′s.
High School on the Home Front — “Gold Star”
I told the story, and then I passed out the following annotated copy of the text, to get them to thinking about creative extrapolation and healthy psychological projections.
Here’s the story, interspersed with the story behind the story:
High School on the Home Front
“Gold Star” (annotated)
You knew where the families of the boys or men who enlisted lived. For every soldier a blue star hung in the front window. In those days you couldn’t walk anywhere in Edmond without seeing four or five blue stars in every block. Sometimes you’d see two or three stars in one window. More than one son fighting.
On many occasions the grownups remembered out loud. Mom didn’t give me this information; I overheard it while playing under the dining room table or hanging out in the hallway by the living room door when everybody thought I was asleep.
That was early in the war. And in just a matter of weeks, gold stars started showing up in place of blue ones.
This is pure extrapolation on my part. I asked my mom if it was true, and she, as if verifying the obvious, said, “Of course it is.”
My sister and brother-in-law ran the telegraph office there in town. Telegrams were the FedEx of the Forties. You knew a telegram was coming in when the little ticker tape machine crackled with Morse code and spit out a strip of paper with the message typed out in capital letters. That message lay in a loose tangle until Beryl or John or one of the office staff could glue it down on Western Union letterhead, cutting strips to fit the width of the paper. And then one of them had to hand deliver the message to the addressee.
These are my own memories. In 1955, my uncle’s office looked just as it had looked in the early ‘40s; telegrams were received and delivered just as they had been then.
You didn’t send a telegram unless you had something important to say. A fifteen word message cost thirty-five cents, so the language in telegrams was concise. Terse. Sometimes a telegram carried good news and excitement: “FIVE POUND TWIN GIRLS BORN JUNE 13 MOM AND BABIES FINE LOVE = JIM” “DEAR MAE ARRIVED IN US WILL BE HOME SOON TELL MOTHER SAME LOVE=BRADY” But in 1943, most telegrams meant bad news. The War Office couched their news in extra words: “The Secretary of War desires me to express his deep regret . . .”
I went online to find out how much telegrams cost in 1943 and found these examples in the process.
It was the middle of April, 1943. I was walking home from school, when my brother-in-law pulled up beside me in the car and told me to hop in.
“I have a telegram I need you to deliver,” he said
Mom never told me the month. An online search revealed the date, location, and circumstances of this soldier’s death. She did tell me that my Uncle found her on the way home from school and picked her up so she could deliver the telegram. He had had polio as a young man and was confined to a wheelchair, so he couldn’t deliver telegrams to people’s doors.
My heart went into my throat. I had the grace not to speak my first thought: “Dear God, please, not somebody I know.” I am not proud to admit that was my first reaction whenever I saw a telegram. And then, guilt-stricken, I would phrase a prayer for the family who didn’t know yet that their hearts would soon be broken.
This is what would have gone on in my mind. Later, when my mother heard me tell this story, she said that as far as her thoughts and feelings went right then, I had nailed it.
I read the message and sighed with guilty relief. “The Secretary of War desires me to express his deep regret that your son Captain Russell Dougherty was killed in action on two April in the Solomon Islands. Letter follows.” I knew Russell by sight, but he was a few years older than I, and we were not friends. His death had no immediate effect on my life.
He graduated from Edmond High School several years before my mother did. Edmond was a small town. Everybody knew everybody else, but all my mother’s friends were close to her own age.
It seemed monstrous that I knew something so intimate and unspeakably sad, that I was about to knock on the door of a woman who did not know me and who, because of the message I carried, would never forget me. Would she collapse on the doorstep and need help getting back inside the house? Would she slam the door in my face, wishing she could kill the messenger?
Again, I’m walking a mile in my mother’s shoes.
John told me I needed to stay with her for as long as she wanted me there, as long as she needed a shoulder to cry on or an arm for support. He told me there was no hurry. He’d wait for as long as it took.
It’s something my uncle would have said. I don’t know whether or not he actually did say this.
He turned off Broadway onto Danforth, and I felt all the strength leave my legs – as if I had caught my brother-in-law’s paralysis. My mouth went dry even as I felt tears sting the corners of my eyes. I can’t do this, I thought. I stared at my hands and blinked hard.
Mom told me later that Mrs. Dougherty’s house was in a different part of town. This is the part of Edmond I can picture, and in this case it doesn’t seem worth it to me to search deeds and titles to find out exactly where her house was. Again, the emotions are what I think my own would be in this situation.
John pulled up at the curb and stopped the car. I took a deep breath and steeled myself. But as I looked up the walk at Mrs. Dougherty’s little white frame house, I let out a sigh of shame and relief. She knew. Already, somehow, she knew. This telegram was merely a formality. It would not be the means, I would not be the agent to break her heart. Already a gold star hung in the front room window.
After years of hearing that Mom had delivered this telegram, I heard her remember seeing the gold star already hanging in the window. “Oh yeah. She must have already found out from someone else. Why else would she have hung that gold star?”
Mrs. Dougherty met me on the front step, unsmiling but gentle. She took the telegram from me and said, “I’ve been expecting this. Thank you, my dear.” She turned, stepped back into the house, and quietly closed the door.
As I was writing this story, near the end, I called Mom and said, “How did Mrs. Dougherty react, anyway?” She had never mentioned that … until I asked.
Here’s what I grew up knowing:
- The oldest elementary school in Edmond, Oklahoma, Russell Dougherty, is named in honor of the first graduate of Edmond High School to die in World War II.
- Once, when we drove past the school, Mom told me she delivered the telegram from the War Department to Mrs. Dougherty.
- My Uncle John ran the Western Union office for Edmond, and Mom worked her him after school.
- Mom said when they drove up to Mrs. Dougherty’s house, a gold star had already replaced the blue star in her front window, so she somehow had already found out about her son’s death.
A well-chosen story is worth twenty erudite lectures. They got it. We did a writing exercise that convinced even the most self-censoring among them that they were indeed capable of evocative writing. And I left them with one short sermonette:
I said: “And you, here, now – Make it easier on the ones who come after you. Leave a record of your own history behind. Can you imagine how thrilled you’d be if you stumbled upon a sheet of paper that one of your great-grandparents or a long-departed distant cousin had written on? Letter, grocery list, personal essay. It doesn’t matter. Would you judge their writing or spelling or penmanship? No. You’d treasure everything about it, right? So do unto others…”
A little Veterans’ Day admonition to keep re-membering.